ステークホルダー
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ステークホルダーとは、企業・行政・NPO等の利害と行動に直接・間接的な利害関係を有する者を指す。日本語では利害関係者（りがいかんけいしゃ）という。具体的には、消費者（顧客）、従業員、株主、債権者、仕入先、得意先、地域社会、行政機関など。
ステークホルダーの概念は、1963年にアメリカ・SRIインターナショナルの内部のメモで初めて使われた。そこでは、ある組織にとってのステークホルダーを「そのグループからの支援がなければ、当該組織が存続し得ないようなグループ」と定義していたStockholders and Stakeholders: A new perspective on Corporate Governance. By: Freeman, R. Edward; Reed, David L.. California Management Review, Spring83, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p88-106。この理論は後に1980年代になってから、R・エドワード・フリーマン（R. Edward Freeman）によって展開され、主唱されるようになった。以降、ビジネスの実践においても、また、経営戦略、企業統治（コーポレート・ガバナンス）、事業目的、企業の社会的責任の理論化においても、広く受け入れられるようになっている。
範囲
企業の利害関係者の範囲は考え方によって異なり、一定の定義が確立していないとも言えるがJIS Q 14031（環境マネジメントに関する規格）には、「環境に配慮する経営」の視点からステークホルダーを規定している。、一般的には以下が含まれる。
脚注
注釈
出典
- R. Edward Freeman, Alexander Moutchnik (2013): Stakeholder management and CSR: questions and answers. In: UmweltWirtschaftsForum, Springer Verlag, Vol. 21, Nr. 1. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00550-013-0266-3
関連項目
- 企業の社会的責任（CSR）
このキーワードに関連するベストプラクティス
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