ステークホルダー
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ステークホルダーとは、企業・行政・NPO等の利害と行動に直接・間接的な利害関係を有する者を指す。日本語では利害関係者(りがいかんけいしゃ)という。具体的には、消費者(顧客)、従業員、株主、債権者、仕入先、得意先、地域社会、行政機関など。
ステークホルダーの概念は、1963年にアメリカ・SRIインターナショナルの内部のメモで初めて使われた。そこでは、ある組織にとってのステークホルダーを「そのグループからの支援がなければ、当該組織が存続し得ないようなグループ」と定義していた[Stockholders and Stakeholders: A new perspective on Corporate Governance. By: Freeman, R. Edward; Reed, David L.. California Management Review, Spring83, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p88-106]。この理論は後に1980年代になってから、R・エドワード・フリーマン(R. Edward Freeman)によって展開され、主唱されるようになった。以降、ビジネスの実践においても、また、経営戦略、企業統治(コーポレート・ガバナンス)、事業目的、企業の社会的責任の理論化においても、広く受け入れられるようになっている。
範囲
企業の利害関係者の範囲は考え方によって異なり、一定の定義が確立していないとも言えるが[JIS Q 14031(環境マネジメントに関する規格)には、「環境に配慮する経営」の視点からステークホルダーを規定している。]、一般的には以下が含まれる。
脚注
注釈
出典
関連項目
Category:経営学
wikipediaより
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